Memory

- persistence of learning over time through the process of storage and retrieval of information
- 3 parts

Encoding 
- processing of info into the memory system

Storage
- retention of material over time

Retrieval 
- the process of getting the information out of memory storage
- Retrieval failure: forgetting something, or not getting the info out of storage

Recall vs. Recognition

Recall
- retrieve info from your memory
- ex: fill in the blank test

Recognition
- identify the target from possible targets
- ex: multiple choice tests

Flash Bulb Memory
- A clear moment of an emotionally significant event

Three types of Memory

Sensory
- the immediate initial recording of sensory information stored for just an instant and most info goes unprocessed

Short Term
- memory that holds a few items briefly
- can hold 7 digits
- if not stored here, goes to long term or its forgotten
- AKA working memory
- three parts: audio, visual, intergration of audio and visual



Long Term
- permanent and limitless storehouse of memory
- explicit memories
- implicit memories

Explicit Memories
- episodic memories
-semantic memories

Implicit Memories
- procedural memories
- conditioned memories

Encoding Information
- Primary Effect
- Recency Effect
- Serial Positioning Effect

Spacing Effect
- DO NOT CRAM
- Ebbinghaus's Forgetting Curve



The way we can encode
- Visual: the encoding of picture images
- Acoustic: encoding of sound, especially sounds of words
- Semantic: encoding of meaning

Constructive Memory
- Memories are not always what they seem
- Elizabeth Loftus
- Constructed memory is a created memory
- Misinformation effect

Forgetting
- Retroactive Interference: new info blocks out old info
- Proactive Interference: old info blocks new info

Storing Memories
- Long term Potential: long lasting enhancement in signal transmission between two neurons that results from stimulating them synchronously
-- In other words, they learn to fire together and get better at it, creating a memory