- The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
- Socially constructed... can be culturaly specific
Is intelligence one thing or several different abilities?
- Factor Analysis: statisticsl procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test
- charles Spearman ised FA to discover his G or general intelligence
Multiple Intelligence
- Howard Gardner disagreed with Spearmans g and instead came up with the concept of this
- Came up with this by studying savants (condition where a person has limited mental ability but is exceptional in one area)
Gardner's Multiple Intelligence
- Visual/Spatial
- Verbal/Linguistic
- Logical/Mathematical
- Bodily/Kinesthetic
- Musica/Rythmic
- Interpersonal
- Intrapersonal
- Natural
Sternberg's 3 Aspects of Intelligence
- Analytical: academic problem solving
- Creative: generating novel ideas
- Practical: required for everyday tasks where multiple solutions exist
Emotional Intelligence (EQ)
- First called social intelligence
- Ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions
- EQ is a greater predicter than IQ
Brain Size and Intelligence (link?)
- Small .15 correlation between head size and intelligence scores
Brain Function and Intelligence
- Higher performing use less active than lower performing brains
- Neurological speed is a bit quicket
How do we Assess Intelligence?
- Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon set out to figure out a concept called mental age
- By discovering this they can predict future performance
- Help children and not label them
Therman and his IQ test
- Used Binet's research to construct the modern day IQ test called the Stanford Binet Test
- IQ= Mental Age/Chronological Age X 100
Problems with IQ formula
- Doesnt work well on adults
Modern Test of Mental Abilities
- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) consists of 11 subtests and cues us into strengths by using factor analysis
Aptitude v. Achievement Tests
Aptitude
- Test designed to predict a persons future performance
- Ability for that person to learn
Achievement
- Test designed to assess what a person has learned
Construct Intelligence tests by:
- Standardized
- Reliable
- Valid
Standardization
- Test must be pre tested to a small rep sample of people
- Form a normal distribution or bell curve
Flynn Effect
- Intelligence test performance has been rising
Reliability
- Extent which a test yields consisten results over time
- Split halves or test retest method
Validity
- Extent to which a test measures what is supposed to be measured
- Content validity: does the test sample a behavior of interest
- Predictive Validity: does the test predict future behavior
Intelligence change over time?
- By age 3, a childs IQ can predict adolescent IQ scores
- Depends on type of intelligence (crystallized or fluid)
Extremes of Intelligence
Group Differences in Intelligence Test Scores
- Bell curve is diff for Whites v. Blacks
- Math scores are diff across genders and highest scores are for Asian males
WHY? Nature vs Nurture
Test Bias
- Tests discriminate
- Sole purpose is to discriminate?
- Look at the type of discrimination
- Socially constructed... can be culturaly specific
Is intelligence one thing or several different abilities?
- Factor Analysis: statisticsl procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test
- charles Spearman ised FA to discover his G or general intelligence
Multiple Intelligence
- Howard Gardner disagreed with Spearmans g and instead came up with the concept of this
- Came up with this by studying savants (condition where a person has limited mental ability but is exceptional in one area)
Gardner's Multiple Intelligence
- Visual/Spatial
- Verbal/Linguistic
- Logical/Mathematical
- Bodily/Kinesthetic
- Musica/Rythmic
- Interpersonal
- Intrapersonal
- Natural
Sternberg's 3 Aspects of Intelligence
- Analytical: academic problem solving
- Creative: generating novel ideas
- Practical: required for everyday tasks where multiple solutions exist
Emotional Intelligence (EQ)
- First called social intelligence
- Ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions
- EQ is a greater predicter than IQ
Brain Size and Intelligence (link?)
- Small .15 correlation between head size and intelligence scores
Brain Function and Intelligence
- Higher performing use less active than lower performing brains
- Neurological speed is a bit quicket
How do we Assess Intelligence?
- Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon set out to figure out a concept called mental age
- By discovering this they can predict future performance
- Help children and not label them
Therman and his IQ test
- Used Binet's research to construct the modern day IQ test called the Stanford Binet Test
- IQ= Mental Age/Chronological Age X 100
Problems with IQ formula
- Doesnt work well on adults
Modern Test of Mental Abilities
- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) consists of 11 subtests and cues us into strengths by using factor analysis
Aptitude v. Achievement Tests
Aptitude
- Test designed to predict a persons future performance
- Ability for that person to learn
Achievement
- Test designed to assess what a person has learned
Construct Intelligence tests by:
- Standardized
- Reliable
- Valid
Standardization
- Test must be pre tested to a small rep sample of people
- Form a normal distribution or bell curve
Flynn Effect
- Intelligence test performance has been rising
Reliability
- Extent which a test yields consisten results over time
- Split halves or test retest method
Validity
- Extent to which a test measures what is supposed to be measured
- Content validity: does the test sample a behavior of interest
- Predictive Validity: does the test predict future behavior
Intelligence change over time?
- By age 3, a childs IQ can predict adolescent IQ scores
- Depends on type of intelligence (crystallized or fluid)
Extremes of Intelligence
Group Differences in Intelligence Test Scores
- Bell curve is diff for Whites v. Blacks
- Math scores are diff across genders and highest scores are for Asian males
WHY? Nature vs Nurture
Test Bias
- Tests discriminate
- Sole purpose is to discriminate?
- Look at the type of discrimination
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